An Interview with Hans-Martin Majewski by Ralf Schuder
Originally published in CinemaScore #15, 1986/1987
Text reproduced by kind permission of the editor and publisher Randall D. Larson
Hans-Martin Majewski was born on 14 January 1911 in Schlawe, Pomerania (Poland). The son of a veterinarian, he attended grammar school in his birthplace and then a state educational institution in the city of Köslin until 1930. He subsequently studied medicine in Königsberg, but was already being taught music and composition by the Straube students Joachim Ansorge and Traugott Fedke. Eventually, from 1932 onwards, Majewski devoted himself exclusively to music in Leipzig. He studied theory and composition with professors Hermann Grabner, Kurt Thomas, Robert Teichmüller, Max Hochkoffler, Bruno Walter, Max Ludwig and others.
In 1935 he moved to Berlin where he became the musical manager of the “Theater des Volkes” (People’s Theatre). In 1938 he wrote two operettas which were performed on stages in Berlin, Oldenburg and Zwickau, and in 1940 he composed his first film music FLUCHT IM DUNKEL (Flight in the Dark) which promptly got him into trouble with the Nazis. Eventually he was drafted into the Wehrmacht (armed forces) and was taken prisoner of war by the Russians. After World War II he developed into one of the most renowned film composers in Germany.
In total, Majewski wrote over 200 film scores. “I will continue writing film music until I have explored all musical possibilities and boundaries and I feel that even on the experimental path - at least from case to case - there is no more untrodden new ground to be discovered,” he said. Hans-Martin Majewski died on 1 January 1997 in Bötersen, Lower Saxony.
Mr. Majewski, you once used the expression "the autonomy of film music". What do you actually mean by this?
This question cannot be answered conclusively within the framework of a short interview. The subject of "autonomy" was dealt with in lectures and seminars and took up a lot of space. The history of the development of the moving picture from silent film to sound film, in its protracted evolution, made film music a profession in its own right and led to its intrinsic value through its dramaturgical functional significance. The diversity of stylistic means and the fact that there is correspondence and interaction between the moving image and music, of which the Athenians knew as well as the Chinese, led to considerations and solutions that forced the musician to detach himself from the film music - time, length, synchronous points - and to illuminate the inner process of the image and action of creative impulses, ultimately helping to determine the effect, meaning and success of a film. This endeavour led, nolens-volens, to the autonomy of film music, which in the early days of the film industry was relegated to a secondary status by music critics and audiences.
Many of your German colleagues like to write symphonic film music - if they are given the financial means to do so. You are said to have turned away from symphonic stylistic devices.
My rejection of symphonic film music refers to the use of 19th century stylistic devices as far as the setting of dramatic film events is concerned. A recourse to symphonic elements of the Romantic period of the previous century has proved successful for decades. Screenwriters and directors have often made use of the original scores of this era. Newly composed music, when it "dabbles" in the symphonic realm, should make use of a contemporary language. The choice of stylistic devices depends on the material and the production style.
You have made several speeches on the topic of film music in the course of festivals and conventions. Which aspects did you give prominence to in these lectures and what were the listeners’ interests like?
History of film music, its development towards Independence and pattern (silent film – sound film), working methods and practice of film composers, their dependence on the contractor, capability of asserting oneself, persuasive power at unconventional practices, cramping of creativeness. Interest of the audience is great, particularly among teenagers. The auditorium was jammed to capacity in Hamburg and I had to extend my three hours’ lecture another 45 minutes as, in the course of film examples I demonstrated, I was flooded with questions which took me beyond the original time-table to answer. At congresses and festivals, interest was not so immense because there was an abundance of events.
Your colleague Eugen Thomass, who many reckon among the elite of the German film composers, thinks little of leitmotiv film music. What do you say to that?
Leitmotiv film music in Richard Wagner’s sense turned out to be little practicable as early as the silent era and all the less so in sound film. Imagine a western in which each actor (and opponent, along with important subordinate parts) would get a motive of his own. That would result in a ridiculous jumble at a shoot-out!
So it doesn't make sense for a composer to write a theme for each actor, as Max Steiner did for GONE WITH THE WIND?
In great dramatic films, the main theme may well be joined by a secondary theme. Today, and for years, one restricts oneself to a theme that is substantially strong enough to give a film its "trademark" and profile and helps to make the film a success, ultimately through inner coherence.
You wrote the music for FLUCHT IM DUNKEL (Flight in the Dark) in 1940. At that time the Nazis intervened in film making. Was your work effected, also?
Yes. I got wind of it from film director A.M. RabenaIt only after the war. It belonged to the amazing things of the cultural policy of that time that music was simply to be soothing or inspiring. My music made use of stylistic means, as regards essence and topic, which were not desired. Yet the director managed that the music remain in the film after wearisome negotiations in the Ministry of Information.
With his music for DAS BOOT (The Boat), Klaus Doldinger meant to contrast the horrors of war with its fascination. You have also composed the music for an anti-war film, DIE BRÜCKE (The Bridge). Unlike Doldinger, however, you passed through the horrors of war by your own experience. Did you try, nevertheless, to contribute to the BRÜCKE score the initial enthusiasm of the youth for war?
No. The music has the task of expressing the dread of war through a motive in a compressed form. The action was embedded in realistic raised noises (electronics) and bolstered horror and fanaticism of the teenagers fighting at the front line. I did not feel musical acoustics in a broad sense to be a proved means, less so since I am opposed to illustrative music.
What are your current musical endeavours?
I work at symphonic programme music outside film and TV music.
What are your plans for the future?
To continue working at my book ‘Einhundert Gramm Musik’ (One Hundred Grams of Music), a biographic-polemic-satirical representation of the situation of the composer’s profession.
© 2016 / 2024 CINESCORES CENTER
Visit the representative website of Hugo Friedhofer - GO TO SITE
WE WOULD LIKE TO SPECIAL THANKS FOR THE PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS
DIMITRI TIOMKIN OFFICIAL WEBSITE - MIKLOS ROZSA OFFICIAL WEBSITE
FRANZ WAXMAN OFFICIAL WEBSITE - BERNARD HERRMANN OFFICIAL
LUC VAN DE VEN - SOUNDTRACK!
UNIVERSAL PICTURES - FOX STUDIO - MGM PRODUCTIONS
WARNER
BROS - PHOTOS GENERAL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED >
DISCLAMER
NEWS