The making of
FANTASIA (1940) lasted three years in total from the rough continuity for
The Sorcerer’s Apprentice in November 1937 to the world premiere held November 13, 1940. The broad timeline was as follows:-
November 15, 1937: Disney Story Department sends all employees a special notice “We are preparing a special short subject in collaboration with Leopold Stokowski… The Sorcerer’s Apprentice.” The recording of Paul Dukas’ symphonic poem, performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra, dates to November 7, 1937.
April 12, 1938: Disney’s agent asks Stravinsky’s publisher for permission to use The Firebird ballet (L'Oiseau de feu) in FANTASIA. However, nothing ever comes of this.
September 13, 1938: At a story board meeting Deems Taylor suggests to Walt Disney Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring ballet (Le scare du Printemps) as a piece “on which we might build something on a pre-historic theme”. A recording of the work was played at the meeting. Up to that time only four 78rpm recordings of the music were available: Eugene Gossens (1928), Pierre Monteux (1929), Stravinsky (1929) and Stokowksi (1930). At the meeting Disney also listens to Prokofiev’s Age of Steel ballet (Le pas d'acier, Op. 41) for a possible animated building sequence.
January 4, 1939: Contract is signed for “irrevocable right, and licence to record the
Rites [sic] of Spring” for use in FANTASIA. The sum of $6000 was paid by Walt Disney Enterprises (see letter insert Stravinsky Replies to Walt Disney dated March 12 1960). [Stravinsky later sold an option to Disney for his opera-ballet
Renard, Fireworks (Feu d'artifice, Op. 4) and
The Firebird on October 28, 1940.]
The Water Nymph ballet in THE GOLDWYN FOLLIES (1938), choreographed by Balanchine, served as the inspiration for the “Dance of the Hours” segment in FANTASIA. Disney animator and director Wolfgang Reitherman remembers they were having a Christmas party when the above photo was taken in 1939.
Photo left: Walt Disney & Igor Stravinsky discuss the score to The Rite of Spring, photo Disney Studios December 1939. Walt offered a copy of the score to Stravinsky during the studio visit but Igor declined saying he had his own with him. Stravinsky was then told the score had changed.
Photo middle: Viewing Mickey Mouse and The Sorcerer’s Apprentice on a moviola. Left to right: Alexis Kall, Igor Stravinsky, Gregory Golubeff, George Balanchine, Walt Disney, and “Dance of the Hours” director T. Hee. On this same occasion Stravinsky listened to Stokowksi’s recording of The Rite of Spring and examined inspirational sketches for its visualization. He was shown the finished sequence on October 12, 1940. When the soundtrack to The Rite of Spring was played backwards Stravinsky is reported to have said “Sounds good backward, too!” A later interview with Stravinsky, published March 3, 1949, also quotes the composer as saying “I saw part of it [Le sacre] at the studio and walked out.”
Photo right: Animating dinosaurs. Left to right: George Balanchine, Igor Stravinsky & Walt Disney
Dr. Alexis Feodorovitch Kall (1878–1948) was an old acquaintance of Stravinsky from the Imperial University in Petrograd. He was a Greek scholar and philologist. According to Robert Craft, in letters Stravinsky often addressed Kall as “My dear, fat, kind friend”. Kall was closely involved with arranging Stravinsky’s historic visit to Culver City Los Angeles on February 25, 1935 when the composer was introduced by Herbert Stothart to members of the MGM music department headed by Jack Chertok. Stravinsky met with forty composers and made a speech to them in German which was recorded and has been preserved. Gregory Golubeff (man with cigarette) had bit parts in several Hollywood films, e.g. he was the cashier at Ricks Café in CASABLANCA (1942) and also appeared in Symphony of Living (1935) and Rhapsody in Blue (1945). He played mostly band leaders and violinists on screen.
A Letter printed in the January 30 issue of Saturday Review quotes Mr. Walt Disney as follows: “When Stravinsky came to the studio, he was invited to conferences with [the] conductor... and [the] commentator… was shown the first roughed-out drawings, said he was 'excited' over the possibilities of the film... agreed to certain cuts and rearrangements and when shown the finished product emerged from the projection room visibly moved.”
In fact my contract, signed and dated January 4, 1939, by my then New York attorney, states that the Walt Disney Enterprises paid the sum of $6,000 for their use of “Le Sacre du Printemps” and that $1,000 of this fee was to be paid to the publisher for the rental of the material. My cachet, gross, was, as I have said, $5,000. This contract further states that “Le Sacre" was to be recorded between March 25 and April 20, 1939. At this time I was in a tuberculosis sanatorium near Chamonix; I did not consult, indeed could not have consulted, with the musical director or commentator of the film - in fact I left this sanatorium only once in a period of several months, and that was to conduct “Persephone” in the Maggio Fiorentino.
The allegation that I visited the Disney studios on two separate occasions, once to see preliminary sketches and later to see the final film, is also false. I appeared there once only, as I wrote. I was greeted by Mr. Disney, photographed with him, shown drawings and sketches of the already finished film, and, finally, the film itself. I recall that I also saw a kind of negative of the
Sorcerer's Apprentice and that I liked this and said so. That I should have expressed approbation over the treatment of my own music seems to me highly improbable. However, I should hope that I was polite. Perhaps Mr. Disney's misunderstanding was like that of the composer who invited a friend of mine to hear the music of his opera. When the composer had finished playing the first scene and the time had come for comment, all my friend could think of to say was, “Then what happens?” Whereupon the composer said, “Oh, I am so glad you like it. -
IGOR STRAVINSKY
Sources:
John Culhane, Walt Disney’s Fantasia, H. N. Abrams, 1983
Robert Craft (Editor), Dearest Bubushkin, Selected Letters and Diaries of Vera and Igor Stravinsky, Thames & Hudson, 1985
William H. Rosar, “Stravinsky and MGM,” in Film Music, Vol. 1, Clifford McCarty (Editor), Garland, 1989
Stephen Walsh, Stravinsky, The Second Exile: France and America 1934–1971, Pimlico, 2007
H. Colin Slim, Stravinsky in the Americas: Transatlantic Tours And Domestic Excursions From Wartime Los Angeles 1925–1945, University of California, 2019
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