Publication: Music Parade, Volume 1, Number 11, 1948, pp 9-11,16
Publisher: Arthur Unwin, London © 1948
By popular convention, a composer is a long-haired, badly-dressed, hungry-looking, lean-faced, wild-in-the-eye aesthete. Oddly enough, some of them fit the description perfectly. But not Arthur Bliss. This London-born composer is a neatly-groomed, smartly-attired, prosperous-looking, well-built, down-to-earth gentleman of the type associated with the Stock Exchange. He speaks a precise but not pedantic King's English, acquired as a result of a schooling that included Rugby, Pembroke College and Cambridge University ; he is a Batchelor of Arts and obtained his Mus.Bac. in 1913. While at Cambridge, he studied under Charles Wood, continuing his musical education at the Royal College of Music in 1914 with Stanford, Vaughan Williams and Gustav Holst. Then came the First World War. Bliss joined the Royal Fusiliers and later the Grenadier Guards, where he took a commission. He was wounded at the Battle of the Somme, experienced the horror of being gassed at Cambrai, and was mentioned in despatches.
When he came out of the Army, Bliss began his musical career in earnest and during his earlier years was considered one of the "avant garde" of British music for his daring "modern" harmonies, which today we accept as part of the picture of twentieth-century music. Three of his earlier works include
Madame
Noy (a song for soprano and six instruments),
Ballad of the Four Seasons and the
Colour Symphony (1922). In 1923, Bliss went to America where he settled in California for a time, but in 1925 he returned to this country. Of his works for the concert hall, perhaps
Music for Strings (1935) and the
Piano Concerto (1939) are best known; his chamber music has been extremely successful, as witness his Quartet in B Flat.
The position Bliss occupies in the world of film music is a peculiar once. He has been associated with six films during the past twelve years. Of these, one was never completed in the form it was originally intended to be (CONQUEST OF THE AIR), one contained only fanfares for the opening titles (THE DEFEAT OF THE GERMANS NEAR MOSCOW), and a third was a short documentary that was hardly seen in this country (Presence au Combat). Of the three remaining films, one contained music that has echoed round the world and remains today as perhaps the only "Classic" film music score (THINGS TO COME), one made a modest impression (MEN OF TWO WORLDS) and one has only just appeared (CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS). It will be seen then that the composer's unique position in the cinema is based on three feature films; one made in 1935, one in 1945 and one in 1949.
The significance of the THINGS TO COME music lies in the fact that it marked the first occasion on which music specially written for the cinema was widely accepted by the seriously-minded concert-goer. Up to 1935, film music had made little headway in this country. On the Continent, a few intermittent experiments had attracted some attention, particularly in France; on the whole, the musical world was immune to the cinema. One evening at the Promenade Concerts at the old Queen's Hall in 1935, a mysterious "novelty" item suddenly appeared in the programme:-
Suite from the film Things To Come by Arthur Bliss: Prelude; March; Ballet For Children; Pestilence; Attack; The World in Ruins; Machines; Epilogue." The story of how the music had come to be written in the first place has been told by H. G. Wells, author and co-director of the film. "The music is a part of the constructive scheme of the film, and the composer, Mr. Arthur Bliss, was practically a collaborator in its production. In this as in many other respects, this film, so far as its intention goes, is boldly experimental. Sound sequences and picture sequences were closely interwoven. This Bliss music is not intended to be tacked on; it is a part of the design. The spirit of the opening is busy and fretful and into it creeps a deepening menace. Then comes the crashes and confusions of modern war. The second part is the distressful melody and grim silences of the pestilence period. In the third, military music and patriotic tunes are invaded by the throbbing return of the air men. This throbbing passes into the mechanical crescendo of the period of reconstruction. This becomes more swiftly harmonious and softer and softer as greater efficiency abolishes that clatter of strenuous imperfection which was so distinctive of the earlier mechanical civilisation of the nineteenth century. The music of the new world is gay and spacious. Against this plays the motif of the reactionary revolt, ending in the stormy victory of the new ideas as the Space Gun fires and the moon cylinder starts on its momentous journey. The music ends with anticipation of a human triumph in the heroic finals amidst the stars."
The THINGS TO COME music was an immediate success and the Decca company issued three 12-inch gramophone records of the Suite that are still sold in fair quantities today. Whenever a group of music enthusiasts get around the talking about films, it is almost certain that, sooner or later, the name of this famous 1935 H. G. Wells film will be mentioned in the conversation.
The music for CONQUEST OF THE AIR, a spectacular Technicolor production that Alexander Korda planned to make, was written in 1937 and a Suite appeared at the Proms in 1938. The picture however was not to be; after some very costly shooting had taken place, after a number of quarrels and snags, and after a lapse of three years, a shortened and drastically-cut version appeared as a sort of training-cum-entertainment film for the R.A.F. in 1940. A few public shows were given but little or no interest was aroused in this half-hearted picture.
The story moves on to 1945 and the appearance of a British Technicolor production MEN OF TWO WORLDS, an unusual film set against a background of colonial administration in the Tanganyika territory. The main piece of music was the "Baraza." "Baraza" is a Swahili word meaning a discussion in council between an African chief and his headsman. It is the title given to a miniature piano concerto, consisting of three short movements and piano cadenza, which (in the film plot) is written by Kisenga, an African native who has studied music in Europe for a number of years. For this, Bliss had to translate African rhythms and colour to a Western style, producing a concert piece for orchestra, piano and chorus as he imagined Kisenga would have written it. The result was a piece of bold, brazen, strident film scoring at its very best, a superb example of music for the cinema. "Baraza" is not another 'tabloid' concerto in the Warsaw tradition; it is a miniature but it is complete in itself and musically sound in construction. The piano part was played on the sound track by Eileen Joyce, with the National Symphony Orchestra conducted by Muir Mathieson ; in the film, the scene is set in the National Gallery in London during a concert at which Kisenga (Robert Adams) is seen playing his ‘own work.’
Now in 1949, Arthur Bliss has returned to the screen to write the music for CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. The film is in Technicolor and the title role is played by Frederic March. Bliss found the Spanish idiom, in which the music had to be conceived, especially interesting and a good deal of research work into the music of the period was undertaken before the score was completed. The actual writing of the music was done in the country in Somerset, with occasional visits to Bliss's Kensington home where the 57-year old composer lives with his wife and family. The recording of the COLUMBUS music was carried out by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Muir Mathieson.
Thus Bliss has written the music for three feature films; but such is the care and enthusiasm the composer has given to this work that his name is known and honoured wherever film music is talked of. Without any previous experience, he created a film score that has made him the father of British film music for all time and set him up as the first man to arouse a universal interest in this latest form of musical expression.
© 2016 / 2024 CINESCORES CENTER
Visit the representative website of Hugo Friedhofer - GO TO SITE
WE WOULD LIKE TO SPECIAL THANKS FOR THE PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS
DIMITRI TIOMKIN OFFICIAL WEBSITE - MIKLOS ROZSA OFFICIAL WEBSITE
FRANZ WAXMAN OFFICIAL WEBSITE - BERNARD HERRMANN OFFICIAL
LUC VAN DE VEN - SOUNDTRACK!
UNIVERSAL PICTURES - FOX STUDIO - MGM PRODUCTIONS
WARNER
BROS - PHOTOS GENERAL ALL RIGHTS RESERVED >
DISCLAMER
NEWS