Film Music Notes: May - June 1950
Publication: Film Music Vol.IX / No.5 / pp. 15-16
Publisher: New York: National Film Music Council © 1950
It has been said that Alfred Newman sprang full-grown from the head of Samuel Goldwyn, holding the score of STREET SCENE in his left hand and a baton in his right. The story is apocryphal, for Newman was a musician of considerable reputation before he came to Hollywood in 1930.
He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1901 and at the age of eight he was already a child prodigy, playing in public with the utmost confidence and pleasure the Beethoven sonatas that riper virtuosos have always deemed ungrateful and unappealing. His preparations for a musical career brought him to the studios of Goldmark, Stojowski, and Wedge, and he won a variety of medals for composition and piano-playing.
While he was still in his ‘teens he was obliged to assume economic responsibility for a large family. Fortunately he was equipped with a talent that made him a successful bread winner. It was a rather flamboyant talent, of the kind that Broadway judged exploitable, and he was engaged as musical director for the first GEORGE WHITE SCANDALS. From here he went on to Gershwin shows and other Broadway musicals, and later to guest conductorships with the symphony orchestras of Cincinnati, Los Angeles, Hollywood Bowl, and the American Orchestral Association. Although he was, and still is, a skillful conductor, he was never very happy about public performances and he welcomed the opportunity to work in Hollywood where all the things he liked to do as a professional musician, composing and conducting, could be done without exposure to the public eye. Piano-playing became a tool for his work and a source of private enjoyment. He had the versatility that Hollywood needed in the early days of sound films - an ability to move around with comfort and authority in either serious or popular music. Besides, he was intelligent and well-spoken, and he had a great personal charm that he could turn on as circumstances required.
Newman developed quickly his own style of writing. This is essentially an operatic style - lyrical, dramatic, and highly expressive. The technique is most frequently that of the leitmotif, although he juxtaposes his motifs more often than he combines them contrapuntally. His romantic melodies are typified by leaps - sixths, sevenths, and ninths - and they are frequently harmonized in thirds and sixths. This is the source of much of the lushness of his style. It is, I believe, a weakness; but it cannot be denied that these tunes are the true musical counterparts of the romantic and sentimental dramas that make up the bulk of Hollywood's film stories. The ripe romantic style is further accentuated by the full-textured orchestration. All of these qualities are made the most of in highly vibrant orchestral performances. Much of what the "outside world" has come to label as "the Hollywood style" is inherent in Newman's music.
Because Newman has sometimes exploited unduly the emotionally expressive powers of music, his more positive contributions to film scoring have not received the attention they deserve. Music critics have frequently demolished him (so they think) by pouncing upon a weakness, fashioning it into a deadly barb, and then turning it against him for the coup de grace. Undoubtedly, Newman has many times been severely wounded. But he has a recuperative strength that derives from a quality in which he has few peers. This is his unfailing sensitivity to screen action, his ability to seize upon the dramatic meaning of a scene and to translate that meaning into the language of music. This often results in music of considerable bite and harmonic tension, and thus of great dramatic power.
In a recent conversation he told me about the scoring of the "Vision Scene" from THE SONG OP BERNADETTE. Newman's first reaction to the scene, when he saw it in the projection room, was to "hear" the scene in terms of the great religious experiences that had previously been interpreted musically by the masters - that is, in terms of Wagner’s "Grail Music" or Schubert's "Ave Maria", to name the most obvious examples. In this vein he actually composed a considerable amount of music - none of which satisfied him. It suddenly occurred to him that it was an error to think of the scene as a revelation of the Virgin Mary. Turning to Werfel's novel he found that Bernadette never claimed to have seen anything other than "a beautiful lady." The whole event, Newman now felt, should be interpreted not as a divine revelation but as an extraordinarily lovely experience that came to a young girl who was not sophisticated enough, either intellectually or religiously, to evaluate it as anything more than a vision of beauty. The music, then, should not be austere or pretentious or pious or mystical; it should not indicate that the ignorant but pure-minded peasant girl was at all aware that this was the first step toward sainthood. The cue for the music was to be found in the little gusts of wind, the rustling rose-bush, the tiny disturbances of nature that accompanied the vision - all of this to grow into swelling harmonies that would reach a climax with the actual appearance of the beautiful lady, a climax of Bernadette’s emotions, not the emotions of the audience in the theater, and certainly not the composer’s emotions.
Ther is hardly a Newman score that does not in some way exhibit this fine sensitivity to the screen. It might show itself by way of a technical detail in sound recording, as in the ghostly choral music in the main - and end-titles of TWELVE O'CLOCK HIGH, or in the remarkable sound track of A TREE GROWS IN BROOKLYN where the only music was that of a hurdy-gurdy combined with a "symphony" of street noises and other naturalistic sounds. Or it might appear as the accumulating shocks of the "treatment scene" in SNAKE PIT, or in the use of solo instruments in CAPTAIN FROM CASTILLE. It is in scoring like this that Newman reasserts his dominating position among film composers. His authorship of ideas is often forgotten as other composers borrow them and transform through their own creativity. But most of his colleagues are quite aware of his contributions; and even those who have not much sympathy with his musical idiom and style are generally quite ready to acknowledge his mastery as a musical dramatist.
For the past decade Newman has been the head of the music department of Twentieth Century-Fox studios. He has surrounded himself with an expert staff, including the orchestrators Edward Powell and Herbert Spencer. The only other composer under contract is Cyril Mockridge, but in the past year scores have been written by such "guest composers" as David Raksin, Hugo Friedhofer, Franz Waxman, Leigh Harline, and Daniel Amfitheatrof.
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