An Interview with Elmer Bernstein by Daniel Schweiger
Originally published in Soundtrack Magazine Vol.11 / No.41 / 1992
Text reproduced by kind permission of the editor, Luc Van de Ven
The newly bloodied CAPE FEAR is haunted by a rapist seeking biblical vengeance from the lawyer who betrayed him to 14 years of imprisonment. Director Martin Scorcese has thrown the story into his favorite swamp of twisted morality, having the attorney's family caught between revulsion and attraction for the stalking rapist. Though he pays the first CAPE FEAR movie homage with star cameos and shot-for-shots, the filmmaker takes his greatest pleasure by splattering its brooding tension into kinky sex and savage gore. Scorcese has remained canny enough to preserve the stuff of the original's nightmares.
Bernard Herrmann's score for 1961's CAPE FEAR is even better suited to Scorcese's film than its old haunting grounds. But this soundtrack is more than some ghoulish slash-and-paste job, for Herrmann's tunes have been newly invented by Elmer Bernstein, a one-time protégé given the unenviable task of shaping this restrained music for Scorcese’s needs. Herrmann's work explodes with such terrifying force in CAPE FEAR that you'd swear a new composing wunderkind had just made the scene.
Martin Scorcese gave Elmer Bernstein a long-awaited release from frat antics (ANIMAL HOUSE, STRIPES, GHOSTBUSTERS) with THE GRIFTERS, a ruthless slice of film noir that threw Bernstein back to his pounding MAN WITH THE GOLDEN ARM style. “That film was the last real jolt I gave myself,” Bernstein remarks. “People can usually recognize my scores because I speak a certain musical language, but even those fans were thrown off by my approach. I had such a good association when Martin produced THE GRIFTERS that I immediately called up when I heard he was directing a CAPE FEAR remake.
“Though Martin reminded me he was intent on re-using Herrmann's music, I couldn't have been more excited. Bernard helped me get one of my first Hollywood breaks with THE VIEW FROM POMPEY'S HEAD, and I’ve always considered his work to be a primer on film scoring. So it was the thrill of attacking my friend's music, as well as working with one of the five greatest directors alive.” Scorcese's CAPE FEAR is rife with booming sound effects and head-bashing melodrama, overt stylism that could have easily buried Herrmann's music. “Bernard used his score as an engine to push the film along, but Martin's version didn't need that kind of drive,” Bernstein comments. “It's a lot more intense, complicated, and violent than the original, which was basically a thriller about good and evil. So I was constantly in a position of thinking, ‘what would Bernard have done?’ That was psychologically troubling, because I was worried he'd think of something better! But my interpretation of his score ended up being quite different.”
Bernstein had already demonstrated a strong grasp of Herrmann's technique with his re-recordings of THE GHOST AND MRS. MUIR and TORN CURTAIN, a rejected Hitchcock score that was also revamped for CAPE FEAR. “Bernard would write in short segments, taking musical pieces and spinning them out into a complete score. That let me extract his ‘building blocks’ and create a new structure with them. His theme for CAPE FEAR consisted of four brief horn notes. My daughter Emilie used the same orchestrations, including 4 flutes, 8 horns, and strings, but no percussion. Because it was impossible to just place his original score into the remake, I thought I'd have to write a lot of connective material. Though I never made a conscious attempt to sound like Herrmann, I also didn’t want to stray too far from his approach. But I only ended up putting six minutes of original material into his score.”
Once Bernstein could only admire Herrmann from afar... a New York kid listening intently to the composer’s radio work. But when he eventually moved to Los Angeles, Bernstein was able to become close friends with his idol. “Composers used to spend a lot more time with each other, and go to recording sessions to offer creative input,” he recalls. “That let me meet Bernard as a colleague. I'd go to his home and talk about music and life. He'd be writing notes directly onto the scoring page, going from the film’s beginning as if he was jotting down a letter. That really astonished me, because I never knew how to start my scores. I'd always be trying to jump into the film's easiest section.”
Bernstein's desire to learn from Herrmann allowed him to become one of the composer's few confidants, spared from the bursts of artistic temperament that were as legendary as his scores. “Bernard was a very unusual person for Hollywood, because there's a give and take to working in this town. You have to deal with other people's aesthetics, and Herrmann's perfectionism made it very hard for him to deal with charlatans. That's why he basically ended up working for Hitchcock, because their relationship gave Bernard the creative expression he needed. But that was over the minute Hitchcock violated Herrmann's sense of purity by replacing his TORN CURTAIN score.”
Martin Scorcese's one teaming with Herrmann would result in TAXI DRIVER. Though he's rarely used traditional film music since, Bernstein feels that Scorcese’s grasp of popular tunes shows a real knowledge of scoring. “The biggest problem you have as a composer is a director’s ignorance of music, and the arrogance that usually comes with it. But Scorcese is an old-time fan. GOODFELLAS might be all rock and roll, but it's brilliant when you examine how he uses those records. He even gave me a 78 rpm recording of THE MAN WITH THE GOLDEN ARM to autograph. That shows how respectful Scorcese is of his colleagues, which is common among great directors. But he'd always be sure to offer comments about my work. About the third day into our CAPE FEAR recording sessions, I turned to Marty and said that we'd both be dead by now if we weren't pleasing Herrmann! His music is so well integrated into the film that audiences won't be consciously aware of it, but that won't stop them from being astonished.”
When it comes to his own groundbreaking work, Bernstein seems to shrug off his importance. “I've been very lucky to do a couple of seminal things but it wasn’t like I tried to score classic films. As Mark Twain would say, ‘They just seemed like a good idea at the time!’ The jazz in MAN WITH THE GOLDEN ARM told Hollywood that they could use a pop medium in a film, and that was long before rock and roll. I also had a tremendous impact on westerns, though you'd think Jerome Moross' music for THE BIG COUNTRY would have had more of an impact than my MAGNIFICENT SEVEN score. Then John Landis had the idea to compose ANIMAL HOUSE with the utmost seriousness, an idea which Ira Newborn followed with THE BLUES BROTHERS. But it's fine when people imitate my work, because composers have always been influenced by each other. SILVERADO is a lot like THE MAGNIFICENT SEVEN. Since Bruce Broughton is a first class musician, it's an honor to have him acknowledge any indebtedness to me. How many of my scores can you hear Aaron Copland in? We're all products of what's gone before.”
Though Elmer Bernstein has been doing some of his most beautifully innovative work with the Irish melodies of MY LEFT FOOT, the uptown beat of A RAGE IN HARLEM, and RAMBLING ROSE's Dixieland blues, the composer's dynamic reworking of CAPE FEAR truly promises to make him Hollywood-hot again. “I don't think CAPE FEAR says much about me, other than the fact that I love old movies and welcome the chance to resurrect their music,” Bernstein counters. “I got lost in comedies for 10 years, and was so fed up with their eventual stupidity that I stopped working for 12 months. Now if you look at the films I've done in the past two years, especially with RAMBLING ROSE and THE FIELD, you'll realize that I've come home. People are noticing me again.”
“Big films are scary these days, because that means a lot of studio pressure. I just want to do movies that have something in them for me,” Bernstein explains. “I might be composing for a Babe Ruth film, but right after that I'll be doing a Robert Redford picture about fly fishing. From a purely creative point of view, it's these kind of ‘little’ pictures that really matter to me. Because I've always told people that they should quit when they know how to ‘do it’, I've become determined to spend my remaining working years being challenged instead of collecting huge scoring fees.”
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