Film Music Notes: Summer 1951 Vol.X / No.3 / pp. 4-5
Copyright © 1951, by the National Film Music Council. All rights reserved.
André Previn with Audrey Hepburn in 1963
The biographical facts about André Previn are the sort that make for interesting publicity stories. He was born in Berlin in 1929 and came to America in 1938. He is the youngest musical director in the film industry, being only twenty-one years old. He was "discovered" by Jose Iturbi at a concert of the California Junior Symphony Orchestra. He is a triple-threat musician, working with distinction as pianist, composer and conductor, and in one or more of these roles he has had a hand in some twenty films at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios. His first album of recorded piano solos sold 52,000 copies. He has played at the White House. He has also played at Benny Goodman's, having been invited there recently to spend a friendly musical evening with the clarinetist and Gene Krupa. The trio is said to have steamed up the house with hot licks until the small hours. Previn's favorite authors are Somerset Maugham, Thomas Mann, Aldous Huxley, and Oscar Wilde. He will earn more than fifty thousand dollars this year. He was recently drafted and is now stationed at Camp Cook. For KIM, an MGM picture just released, he has written the first song that Errol Flynn has ever sung on the screen.
Publicity stories, which deal with such material as the above, do not tell much of the "real story" about Previn although they do contain it. His expert pianism, for instance, provides good copy. But more important, it lies at the very center of his musicianship. It is central not only because it has been the main communication line between him and his audience of listeners, fans and employers, or because it has earned him a sizeable income, but especially because it is the generative force behind his composing. It is as though his fingers do his thinking for him. Looking at his film scores, one sees repeatedly how certain chords have grown out of the pianist's hand - chords built upon fourths, for instance, with a minor third conveniently set at the top for the fourth and fifth fingers. Arpeggios and sonorous bass lines with the fifth of the chord lying within the octave or tenth, arise out of left-hand techniques, although they often translate very well into the orchestra. Typical also of piano-thinking is a certain carelessness about the direction of the bass in respect to a melodic line, as well as the substitution of a large sonority (sustained by the pedal) for any kind of eloquence in inner voices, and a prevailing homophonic texture.
His piano playing is technically sure, facile, and brilliant, and his sight reading is altogether phenomenal. The music of Debussy he plays with extraordinary subtlety and sensitivity. In jazz his range is great, but he is at his best in the sophisticated night-club style and "bop". In the former he is, suave, elegant, and personally detached; his harmonies are somewhat lush, embellishments are rather extravagant, and the rhythm is easy. His "bop" is as frenetic as it ought to be and frequently seems to have atonal implications. He is said to have been introduced to American jazz through the Art Tatum recording of "Sweet Lorraine" but not much of the Tatum manner survives in his present playing. Like all good jazz it is improvisatory and its most characteristic features defy notation.
As for his film scores, it cannot be denied that they are eclectic. They echo Stravinsky, Ravel, Copland, Hindemith and the other composers who have created the musical climate of our time. But one must distinguish between the eclecticism of the mature composer, which is a hopeless rut, and that of the young, which is an inevitable stare of development. Previn is like a sponge of almost infinite capacity. Receptive and sensitive, he is still absorbing the characteristic mannerisms of every kind of music, with an apparently insatiable thirst. Naturally he has not yet had time to classify and evaluate everything he has absorbed, and his own music mirrors a host of heterogeneous influences. Only the classical style appears to have escaped him so far. Any judgment of his music must take his youth into account. In some respects this is a great advantage to him, for youth excuses much and explains almost everything. On the other hand it is a great disadvantage, for one's elders (including this writer) automatically assume the right to criticize, correct, and chastise. Previn has already learned that age and position, rather than knowledge or musical sensitivity, often rule on the intelligibility of a harmonic progression or the propriety of a dissonance. In such circumstances he must take comfort in the assurance that youth is an infirmity that time will heal.
It must be remembered that when Previn won his diploma at Beverly Hills High School and matriculated at MGM he entered a profession where the rules of musical conduct had already congealed into a tradition, and where adherence to established procedures, not self-expression, is expected of a composer. The film industry is no place for musical radicalism, and only the true-blue conservative can afford to be the least bit revolutionary. Previn, with a conservatism characteristic of youth, fitted very well into the industrial picture, and one finds in his scores no startling new approach to the screen. The traditional functions of music are faithfully observed. Main-titles are epic, love themes sentimental; pastoral scenes call for woodwind colors, and violence begets dissonance.
Previn's first scores, THE SUN COMES UP and CHALLENGE TO LASSIE, are rather timid and conventional, as were the films they were written for. There is much concern with the simultaneous sound of tonic and sub-dominant chords, with the flatted leading-tone and its triad, with folk-like pastoral tunes, with sensuous Ravelian harmonies. At suitable occasions the um-pahs of Copland's cowboy music are invoked. But in BORDER INCIDENT, a far tougher film than the first two, Previn began to show the constructivist side of his nature. Thematic material here was brief, breathless, and muscular; a few motifs sufficed, by means of development, to generate whole sequences. There was even a touch of polyphony in a canonic treatment of a brass figure, brief but interesting and not at all smacking of the textbook. Some shock-like chords in uneven rhythms made a first appearance here, and in subsequent scores they have become a favorite device. Another is the harmony built upon fourths to a depth of several octaves. The shapes of his phrases and sections tend toward squareness. There is a too carefully balanced symmetry in the way a two-bar phrase gets an immediate counter-statement or an echo at the octave.
The newer scores, for THE OUTRIDERS, TENSION, and DIAL 1119 show no great changes in respect to the invention of material, nor do they yet reveal any very distinct musical personality. But they do show much improvement in craft. Analysis could demonstrate this in detail; but one's ears, if they are attentive in the theater, prove it no less effectively. Previn's scores sound good, and they have the authoritative quality of the proven screen composer. Whole-heartedly accepted by the industry, he should soon be in a position to step out on new paths. Unquestionably he has the talent to be a strong new creative force in film music. Whether that talent will grow or be stifled by routine remains to be seen. Right now he is a white hope.
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